Historical maps of sindh
1600-1843 AD
By
M.H. PANHWAR
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(473 Historical Maps of Sindh 1600 to 1843 AD in Great Britain and National Archives of India, and Construction of first Map of Sindh before its Conquest)
I have in my possession about 500 maps of Sindh pertaining to history,
historical geography, changing courses of the river Indus, archaeology, physical
and topography, geology, ground-water and administrative units, listed in my
book “Source Material on Sindh”.
In search of rare maps recently I visited Royal Geographical Society, British
Museum, India Office Library in London and was able to locate in these
institutions’ map departments respectively 48, 31 and 49 maps so far unknown to
me. I was also able to get list of 92 maps in the map manuscript section of
National Archives of India. New Delhi. The book section of India Office Library
has 221 maps, most of them in administrative reports of each Taluka issued
periodically. The only important U.K source, which could not be examined was
Admiralty Museum at Greenwich. From the studies of these maps as well as the
reports of British Missions to Sindh it is now confirmed that British were
surveying Sindh since 1808 AD. The major part in surveying and preparation of
maps was played by Nicolas Hanky Smith, Pottinger, Todd. Masson, James Burnes,
Del Hoste and Alexander Burnes. After the treaty with Talpurs in 1832 AD, large
scale surveys were undertaken in which Carless, Campbell Margary, John Jacob and
Messuir did mot remarkable work. These officials used most indigenous methods
and instruments for the purpose and one cannot but credit them for untiring work
in the oppressive climate of Sindh. The Talpurs neither understood these
methods, nor were they suspicious of it. By 1843 AD, the whole Sindh except
hills between Manchar and Shahdad Kot had been surveyed and mapped. The Sindh
map of 1846 was based on these surveys, in which hundreds of maps were used. A
map of the routes of some of these pioneers super-imposed on a modern map of
Sindh has been prepared by me from their reports. It gives the picture of areas
surveyed and mapped, in the very presence of unsuspecting rulers of Sindh.
The early maps of Sindh were drawn by individuals who were some times
accompanied by Quarter Master General of Bombay Army who was attached to the
Bombay army, and later on was replaced by Survey of India staff. Some maps were
also prepared from different sources like tourists diaries etc., in London,
Admiralty maps of coastal areas were invariably done in England. The Bombay
Presidency also issued some useful maps periodically. They were usually
administrative and statistical maps, issued from both Bombay and Poona.
Usual scales of maps of Survey of India were 1 mile to 2 inches, 1 mile to 1
inch, 2 miles to 1 inch, 8 miles to 1 inch, 16 miles to 1 inch and 32 miles to 1
inch, where a mile meant 5,280 feet or one British mile. But some times odd
scales were also used for example: 100 miles to 64 mm, 12 miles to an inch, 11
miles to 1 inch, 600 yards to 1 inch, 300 feet to 1 inch, 2-2/3 miles to 1 inch.
Scale was invariably written on the map.
Spellings of places.
Spelling of Sindh varied. In the 18th century it was written as Scindy. From
1809 it became Scind. It was written as Sinde by Del Hoste in 1832. Soon
afterwards it was spelled as Scind and Scinde. In 1850 it became Scindh. By
about 1860 it changed to Sindh. The spelling Sindh came by about 1880.
Spellings of the towns were standardised for the Imperial Gazetteer of India
(1905-1908). Early names and spellings are some times confusing. Following is
the list of old and the modern spellings.
|
S.No. |
Early Name |
Modern Name |
|
1. |
Alakyar ka Tanda. |
Tando Allah Yar. |
|
2. |
Anghor. |
Hingol (in Baluchistan). |
|
3. |
Baggaur. |
Baghar. |
|
4. |
Bulry. |
Bulri. |
|
5. |
Cashmeer. |
Kashmir. |
|
6. |
Cotkee. |
Ghotki. |
|
7. |
Cutch |
Cuchi (in Baluchistan). |
|
8. |
Deejee Kote. |
Kot Dijji. |
|
9. |
Dadur. |
Dadhar (in Baluchistan). |
|
10. |
Delleelka Dhera. |
Near Sakrand. |
|
11. |
Dawlutpoor. |
Daulatpur. |
|
12. |
Emamghur. |
Imam Garh. |
|
13. |
Fulailee. |
Fuleli. |
|
14. |
Gumbat. |
Gambat. |
|
15. |
Gisree. |
Gizri. |
|
16. |
Ghurahor Ghara. |
Gharo. |
|
17. |
Gundava. |
Gandava. |
|
18. |
Jamadar Ka Landy. |
Landhi (near Karachi). |
|
19. |
Jan Mohumed Ka Got. |
Tando Jan Muhammad. |
|
20. |
Kurachee or Kurrachee. |
Karachi. |
|
21. |
Kahun. |
Kahan. |
|
22. |
Kazee Ka Gote. |
Kazi Ahmed. |
|
23. |
Kotree or Kottree. |
Kotri also Kotri Kabir. |
|
24. |
Kushmore. |
Kashmor. |
|
25. |
Khyrpoor. |
Khairpur Mir’s. |
|
26. |
Kundhar. |
Kandhar or Qandhar. |
|
27. |
Kabool or Cabool. |
Kabul. |
|
28. |
Kullerree. |
Kalri. |
|
29. |
Kukkur Taluka. |
Kakar Taluka. |
|
30. |
Khangarh. |
Jacobabad. |
|
31. |
Kukpat. |
Lakhpat. |
|
32. |
Luckman Ke Tanda. |
Tando Lukman. |
|
33. |
Lima Ka Kumb. |
Kumbh Lima. |
|
34. |
Lacca. |
Lakha. |
|
35. |
Muttaree. |
Matiari. |
|
36. |
Muggerbee. |
Mughulbin (Jati). |
|
37. |
Morah. |
Moro. |
|
38. |
Mirpur (of Mir Thara). |
Mirpur Bathoro. |
|
39. |
Mehur. |
Mehar. |
|
40. |
Manjunda. |
Manjand. |
|
41. |
Mithrahoo. |
Mithrao. |
|
42. |
Mohamed Khan Ka Tanda. |
Tando Muhammad Khan. |
|
43. |
Naushahro Abso. |
Garhi Yasin. |
|
44. |
Nawshera. |
Naushahro. |
|
45. |
Nuwabshah Ka Gote. |
Nawabshah. |
|
46. |
Oomerkote. |
Umarkot. |
|
47. |
Romma Bazar or Rahomeynka. |
Rahim Ke Bazar. |
|
48. |
Roree or Rohree. |
Rohri. |
|
49. |
Synd Ka Gote. |
Saeedabad (Taluka Hala). |
|
50. |
Sujawal Taluka. |
Miro Khan Taluka. |
|
51. |
Tigar Taluka. |
Kambar Taluka. |
|
52. |
Taluka Dero Mohbat. |
Taluka Matli. |
|
53. |
Talooka. |
Taluka. |
|
54. |
Tuttah, Tattah, or Tutta. |
Thatta. |
Map Atlases of the Bombay Presidency give district-wise economic development, specially of agriculture, population growth, and communications. The Government of India also issued periodic economic maps.
All maps were dated with a few exceptions. Most of the map makers were engaged on Survey of Sindh. Some of them played an important role in Sindh.
The maps issued by the Survey of India were printed from Calcutta or Dehra Dun. The Quarter Master General of Bombay Army issued maps mostly from Bombay. The Bombay government issued maps of Sindh up to 1935, but some maps, specially those to accompany settlement reports, gazetteers etc., were printed in Karachi after 1902.
Following is the list of these maps, with year of preparation or publication and location number of the various institutes.
31 maps and atlases of sindh in the british museum (b.m) map department.
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1 |
Map of the Western provinces of Hindustan, the Panjab, Scinde etc., J&C Walker, 1842, B.M. No. 52450 (30) |
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2 |
Another edition, 1852. B.M. No. 52540 (32). |
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3 |
Route Map of Bombay Presidency including Scinde, 1840. B.M. No. 52540 (1). |
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4 |
Scindh. Scale 30 miles to 110 mm. Size 640 by 735 mm. Bombay, 1850. B.M. No. 5781 0 (1). |
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5
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Scindh. Scale 4 miles to 1 inch. Surveyed 1855-62. Size 860 by 460 mm. B.M. No. Maps (I.S). Surveyor General’s Office Calcutta, 1872. B.M. No. Maps I.S. |
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6 |
Sinde Revenue Survey. Scale 1 mile to 1 inch. Calcutta, 1871. B.M. No.I.S. |
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7 |
The province of Sinde. 1855-1870. Scale 16 miles to 1 inch. Calcutta, 1877. B.M. No.I.S. |
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8 |
Province of Sinde. Scale 20 miles to 1 inch. Poona, 1877. B.M. No.I.S. |
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9 |
Sketch map of Baluchistan and Sind Frontier. Scale 32 miles to 1 inch. 1886. B.M. No.I.S. |
|
10 |
Same as above. Revised, 1891. B.M. No.I.S. |
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11
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Sind and Baluchistan. Scale 32 miles to 1 inch. Accompanying Aitchison’s treaties, 3rd edition, 1892. B.M. No. Maps 6.e. 14. |
|
12 |
Sind. Scale 16 miles to 1 inch or 1:1, 013, 760. Calcutta, 1893 B.M. No.I.S. |
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13 |
Same as above. New edition, 1900. B.M. No.I.S. |
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14
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Sind. Upper Sind Frontier. Scale 4 miles to 1 inch or 1:253, 440. Size 965 x 490 mm. Survey of India, Dehra Dun, 1907. B.M. No.I.S. |
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15
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The Baluchistan Agency with Sind. Scale 32 miles to 1 inch, or 1:2, 027530. Size 530 x 555 mm, 1908. B.M. No. Maps I.S. |
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16 |
Sind and Khairpur State. Scale 1:1000 etc. Survey of India, Calcutta, 1937. B.M. No. I.S. |
|
17 |
Road map of Sind. Scale 100 miles equal to 64 mm. Size 215 x 268 mm. Poona, 1920. B.M. No. 52550 (51). |
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18 |
Sind Triangulation Charts. Scale 2 miles to 1 inch or 1 :126, 720. Size 425 x 340 mm. 1890-1903. B.M. No. I.S. |
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19
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Great trigonometrical Survey of India. Scale 1 inch = 2 British miles (Levels and Bench marks). Size 850 x 490 mm, 1870-1908, B.M. No. I.S. |
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20
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General views - Sketches in Sind by Trient W. Edwards, Lithographed by Cottaghe, London, 1846. Fol. (This is an album of sketches, but categorised among maps). Maps 30. C. 21. |
|
21 |
Sind Coast. Chart of coast of Scindy. From an English Ms. By A. Dalrymple, London, 1783. B.M. No. 435 K. 17 (117). |
|
22 |
Sind Coast same as above - 1784. B.M. No. 435 K. 17 (118). |
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23
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Chart of Coast of Scindy and Bay of Cutch, with a part of coast of Gujarat. By A. Dalrymple, London, 1786. B.M. No. 435. K. 17 (381). |
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24
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Survey of coast of Scinde and Cutch from Kaha river to Mandavee by Liut. A.M. Grieve and J. Walker, London 1852. B.M. No. Maps. 147. E. 19 (22). |
|
25 |
Same as above, London, 1853. B.M. No.Maps 147. E. 19 (24). |
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26
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Sind Coast. Chart of Coast of Sind and Cutch, including gulf of Kutch. Surveyed, 1848-50 and 1895-96. Size 787 x 630 mm. Admiralty, London, 1915. B.M. No. N.S. SEC. 8 (39). |
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27
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Route map of Bombay Presidency including Scinde, Quarter Master General’s Department, Bombay Army. Bombay, 1846. B.M. No. 52540 (1). |
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28
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The Presidency of Bombay, showing the divisions of Collectorates, Talukas etc. Scale 20 miles to 1 inch. Poona, 1876. B.M. No. J.S. |
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29
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Bombay Presidency. Statistical Atlas of Bombay presidency, prepared by Director Land Records and Agriculture (E.C. Ozanne). 73 pages and 20 plates. Size 340 x 440 mm. Govt. Central Press, Bombay, 1889. Fol. B.M. No. Maps. 17. D. 5. |
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30 |
Same as above, 2nd revised edition, 1925. B.M. No. Maps 20. D. 28. |
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31
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Maps showing the mortality from Cholera in the districts of Bombay Presidency in the year 1868-71; 1873-1891. Scale 32 miles to 1 inch. Size 480 x 820 mm. Bombay, 1869-91, B.M. No. Maps 144. 3. 28. |
49 map, atlases and albums of sindh in india office library (i.O.).
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32 |
Geographical Survey of the route of N.H. Smith Esq. To Scinde 1809. Scale 4 miles to 1 inch. I.O. No. LV. |
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33 |
Map of Sinde, from Surveys made by William Pottinger. Scale 12 miles to 1 inch. Size 42 by 30 inches. (MS). I.O. No. LV. |
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34
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Map of Sinde by Edward P. Del Hoste, Surveyor to be Sind Mission Bhooj. 19th July 1832. Scale 8 miles to 1 inch. Size 52 x 30 inch (MS). I.O. No. LV. |
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35
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Survey of Scinde in two sheets. Sheet No.1, Survey of the Lower Scinde from Hujamree mouth of the Indus, north to Sehwan and westwards to Sonmeanee. Surveyed by Quarter Master General’s Department in the years 1838 to 1840. Scale 4 miles to 1 inch. Size 59 by 31 inch. (MS). I.O. No.LV. Sheet No.2, Survey of Scinde between Sehwan and Shikarpoor, the river Indus and Hala range of mountains including Cutch (Kuchhi) Gundava from desert to Dadur. Quarter master General’s office, August 1840. Scale 4 miles to 1 inch. Size 59 by 31 inch. (MS). I.O. No. LV. |
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36
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Map of Sinde. East of Indus, from original Surveys in Quarter Master General’s office. Bombay, 1840. Scale 8 miles to 1 inch. Size 41 by 35 inches. (MS). I.O. No. LV. |
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37
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Map of Sind (on tracing cloth), showing Canals (To date). (This map shows all canals during the last days of Mirs’ rule). I.O. No. LV. |
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38
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Sketch of some principal Canals in Scinde. 1864. Scale 11 miles to 1 inch. Size 38 by 29 inches. (MS). (This is better map than preceding one). I.O. No. LV. |
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39
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Map of Scinde showing Canals and embankments 1876. (The map reflects on early British effort to improve irrigation). I.O. No. LV. |
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40
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Map of a part of lower Scindh. Signed A. De Lisle Lieut. Incharge of Scindh Survey. April 1850. Scale 4 miles to 1 inch on two sheets. Size each 30 by 52 inches. (MS). I.O. No. LV. |
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41
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Map of Scindh. Surveyed and collected by Quarter Master General’s Department, Bombay Army, by Lieut. Colonel Neil Campbell, Q.M.G. Bombay, 1850. Scale 8 miles to 1 inch. Size 60 by 54 inches I.O. No. LV. |
|
42 |
Sind. Scale 1” to 16 miles; corrected to 1900 A.D. I.O. No. LV. |
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43 |
Scinde. Scale 1” to 16 miles. 1844 in portfolio. I.O. No. LV. |
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44 |
Sind Survey. 1” to 1 mile (116 sheets) issued between 1898-1908. I.O. No. QIX. |
Route Maps of Sindh.
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46
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(a) Routes and Stages in Scinde, to and from Guzerat, Cutch, Jeyasalmeer and Joadpur. Surveyed and collected by Department of the Quarter Master General of Bombay Army. With an index. Bombay. 1846. (MS-4). I.O. No. MS. 40. (b) Route Book of Protracted routes, compiled during the mission to Scinde, by Lieut. Edward Patterson Del Hoste, Surveyor and Draftsman to the Sind Mission. Routes collected from native information. 50 pages fol. (MS). I.O. No. MS. 40. |
Routes in Sinde.
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47
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No. 1. Route from Camp near Vikkur to Tattah with junction of Hujamree, Bheeman, Tejun and the main river. I.O. No. MS. 77. No. 2. Abstract of route from Camp Joon Opposite Vikkur to Tattah, via Garrah on Meeknee and Khurrempoor on Buggaur river, commenced December 1838. I.O. No. MS. 77. No.3 Reconnaissance of Route from Tattah to Kurrachee, January 1839. A report with maps by Capt. Peat. 29 pages. (MS) I.O. No. MS. 77. No. 4 Survey of routes from Kurrachee to Sehwan with a map by Lieut. Margary, Executive Engineer, 1839. Printed by the order of Governor- General in Council. Fep., 8 pages. I.O. No. MS. 77. |
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48
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Route from Oomerkote to Sukkur by Captain F.P. Del Hoste, Assistant Quarter Master General, 1840. Scale 4 miles to 1 inch. Size 28 by 22 inches (MS). |
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49
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route from Sukkur to Mooltan as Marched by Bombay Column, by Captain J. Ramsay, Assistant Quarter Master General of the Force. Reduced from original. January 1849. Scale 4 miles to 1 inch. Size 62 by 19 inches. (MS). |
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50 |
Hyderabad-Roree Road. |
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Surveyed from Hyderabad to Roree numbered 1 to 13 consecutively, on scale of 600 yards to 1 inch, with a general map on scale 5 miles to 1 inch, having a table of reference, 1865. |
General plan showing position of principal towns on Hyderabad-Roree road. Size 42 by 15 inches.
No.1. Hyderabad to Muttaree. Size 45 by 15 inches.
No.2. Muttaree to Halla. Size 44 by 16 inches.
No.3. Halla to Synd-Ka-Gote. Size 47 by 20 inches.
No.4. Synd ka-Gote to Dellel-Ka-Dhera. Size 46 by 18 inches.
No.5. Dalleel to Kazee-Ka-Gote. Size 45 by 19 inches.
No.6. Kazee-Ka-Gote to Dawlutpoor. Size 46 by 18 inches.
No.7. Dawlutpoor to Morah. Size 45 by 18 inches.
No.8. Morah to Nowshera. Size 45 by 18 inches.
No.9. Nowshera to Lacca. Size 45 by 18 inches.
No.10.Lacca to Kotree (Kabir). Size 49 inches by 18 inches.
No.11.Kotree (Kabir) to Gumbut. Size 48 inches by 18 inches.
No.12.Gambut to Luckmon-Ke-Tanda. Size 48” by 18 inches.
Hyderabad Collectorate Maps.
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51
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